World malaria report 2008 estimated 247 million cases and a million deaths due to malaria globally, in year 2006. Report indicates the endemicity of malaria in 109 countries of the world. National vector borne disease control programme of India reported 55000 cases and 46 deaths due to malaria in Rajasthan in 2007. Malaria is known to be an exclusively local phenomenon, whose transmission, prevalence and distribution are determined by local malariogenic conditions. Identification of the factors associated with disease in local context is a demanding area of research. Detailed analytical epidemiological study to find out the association status of different personal, household and environment related factors including role of Prosopis juliflora, an exotic and invasive plant in India, has carried out in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. Knowledge on the associated factors of malaria provided in this book may guide the programme planners to target the affected or susceptible groups for better impact and enrich the understanding of malaria among medical research scientists and scholars as a whole.