This book explores the relationship between road accessibility and socioeconomic transformations. This book consists of six chapters. The first chapter introduces the topic. The second chapter discusses the theoretical and empirical framework underlying the relationship between transportation and socioeconomic development. The third chapter briefly presents the study area which is followed by methodology in the fourth chapter. The fifth chapter presents and discusses the results. Finally, the sixth chapter concludes the book. The findings indicate that the policies of reducing transport barriers and costs through proper construction and maintenance of a road could contribute to socioeconomic transformations given the good policy environment for efficient allocation of resources and complementary investment. Besides, the programs like food for work on road projects could solve problems of short-term relief of chronic food insecurity and long-term need of public good given that crowding out effect is taken into account. I believe that the book is useful to students, researchers and practitioners in economics, transport planning and impact assessment.