In recent years, global attention to renewable energy technologies and fuel sources has markedly increased. There are many reasons for this surge in interest, including rising energy prices; conventional oil depletion; energy security; dependence on imported oil; rising concerns over climate change coupled with fossil fuel combustion contributions to greenhouse gas emissions. In the face of these forces, it is not surprising that global interests are turning at least one eye to the realm of renewable energy sources. There is a vast literature available on national and regional level undertaken to assess the possible contribution of biomass to the future global energy supply and to address environmental concerns. Although this book does not offer an exhaustive review of all possible issues related to bioenergy, it analyzes the issues critical for bioenergy decision making in the East Texas region. In particular, it examines the biomass potential of the region to support biomass based electric power and cellulosic ethanol production using switchgrass, sugarcane bagasse, and logging residues based on a thorough examination of economic, environmental and social impacts and benefits.