Baby boom and population aging are the main features of the world population that are leading to child and elderly people in the labor force. Categorizing the world into low and high-income countries, the baby boom and child labor can be found in low-income countries, while population aging and elderly people in the labor force can be found in high-income countries. Health expenditures is one of the main factors that is associated with undesired trends of population and labor force through the high correlation with the rates of fertility, birth, death, and mortality. Population and labor force can be controlled by these rates and these rates can be controlled by health expenditures. Therefore, the allocation of health expenditures negatively influences population and labor force.This book is an attempt to investigate and estimate the effects of health expenditures on population and labor force by using the related statistics and the fixed effects multiple regression models over the period 1996-2010.