The language teaching tradition has been subject to tremendous change, especially throughout the twentieth century. Increasing globalization and the use of common languages in various domains such as trade, tourism, international relations, technology, media, and science have resulted in a significant need for people in the workforce who speak multiple languages. Many countries have framed their education policies to teach at least one foreign language at the primary and secondary school levels. This book presents an overview of the milestones in the history of language teaching and surveys the major approaches and methods in language teaching such as Grammar Translation Method, Audio-Lingual Method, Communicative Language Teaching and the Natural Approach. The book provides information about the background, principles, techniques, advantages and disadvantages of several approaches and methods used in language teaching and learning. In the end of each chapter, there are discussion questions to review the topics.