The results of health technology assessment and cost-effectiveness analysis for particular different health technologies are relatively well defined in high-income countries, but little is known about these in low- and low-middle-income countries. However, there is a shortage of methodological guidance to adjust cost-effectiveness results from one to another country setting. This research is to compare the cost-effectiveness of a new hospital-based health technology of a low-middle-income country with a high-income country, to find the factors which systematically determine the difference in cost-effectiveness between high- and low-middle-income countries. A combination of primary data methods from population-based registration, administration, hospital-based, patient level data; and secondary data methods from academic and grey literature for the research in multiple fields of demography, epidemiology, clinical practice, patient characteristics, health services and health finance was all applied in this research to find the answer for the hypothesis of the cost-effectiveness of a new health technology in low-middle income countries is lower than that of high-income countries.