Most cardiothoracic intensive care patients receive physiotherapy, so this book is intended for physiotherapy students/new graduates and postgraduate physiotherapists with an interest in patients with respiratory and cardiac problems as this book provides complete coverage of the specialty of chest physiotherapy for critical ill patients inside the cardiothoracic intensive care unit. The purpose of this book is to arm the Physical therapist with the proper techniques and understanding of the art and science of the patient assessment and treatment, to dispel confusion, and to help develop skills required of any astute clinician. Thus, we present this book with a firm conviction that it will be an invaluable asset in learning and teaching clinical physical therapy in the cardiothoracic intensive care unit.